Thomas Story Kirkbride was a 19th-century American physician and one of the most influential figures in the development of psychiatric hospital design.

Through his work in mental healthcare, Kirkbride advocated for hospitals that provided patients with a calm, structured, and therapeutic environment. He believed that architecture, surroundings, fresh air, natural light, and access to outdoor spaces could contribute to patient care.

His ideas were published in On the Construction, Organization, and General Arrangements of Hospitals for the Insane, first published in 1854. His recommendations became the foundation for what would later be known as the Kirkbride Plan.

His influence can still be seen in historic psychiatric hospital buildings throughout the United States.